Choosing the right shot size for dove hunting is crucial for a successful hunt. While many factors influence your choice, the 20-gauge shotgun presents its own considerations. This article will delve into the optimal shot size for doves using a 20-gauge, exploring various factors and helping you make an informed decision for a more successful hunt. We'll cover everything from shot size and pellet count to the impact of range and choke selection.
Understanding Shot Size and Pellet Count
Shot size is a crucial factor in dove hunting. It refers to the number of lead pellets per ounce of shot. Smaller numbers indicate larger pellets (e.g., No. 4 shot is larger than No. 8 shot). The number of pellets in your shell directly impacts your pattern density. More pellets generally mean a denser pattern, increasing the chances of hitting a fast-moving target like a dove. However, this is balanced against the potential for reduced range and increased recoil.
A 20-gauge shotgun, being smaller than a 12-gauge, generally holds fewer pellets per shell. This means you need to carefully consider shot size to maintain effective pattern density at typical dove hunting ranges.
Shot Size Comparison for Doves (20 Gauge)
| Shot Size | Pellets per Ounce | Range Effectiveness | Pattern Density | Recoil |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 7 1/2 | ~ 460 | Excellent close range, diminishes at longer range | High | Low |
| No. 8 | ~ 560 | Good close range, decent mid-range | High | Low |
| No. 9 | ~ 700 | Best for very close shots | Very High | Lowest |
Note: Pellet counts can vary slightly depending on the shell manufacturer and load.
The Optimal Shot Size: No. 7 ½ or No. 8
For most 20-gauge dove hunters, No. 7 ½ and No. 8 are the most popular choices. No. 7 ½ offers a good balance of range and pattern density. While it has fewer pellets than No. 8, the larger pellets retain more energy at longer distances. No. 8 shot provides a denser pattern at close range but sacrifices some range.
Case Study: Comparing No. 7 ½ and No. 8
In a field test comparing 20-gauge shells loaded with No. 7 ½ and No. 8 shot, hunters using No. 7 ½ reported consistently better results at ranges beyond 30 yards. The No. 8 shot provided denser patterns at closer ranges (under 25 yards) but resulted in fewer clean kills at longer distances due to reduced pellet energy.
The Role of Choke
Your choke significantly impacts shot pattern. A modified choke is generally recommended for dove hunting with a 20-gauge. It offers a good balance of pattern density and range. A full choke might be too constrictive, leading to a tight pattern with reduced effective range, while an improved cylinder choke is too open and may result in insufficient pellet density.
Range and Other Factors
The effective range of your shot is crucial. Most doves are taken within 30-40 yards. Beyond that, the chance of a clean kill significantly reduces, regardless of your shot size. Factors like wind, target presentation (bird's angle), and your shooting skill also influence your success.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right 20 Gauge Shot for Doves
For 20-gauge dove hunting, No. 7 ½ or No. 8 shot with a modified choke offers the best combination of range and pattern density. However, always prioritize safe and ethical hunting practices. Practice with different shot sizes and chokes to determine what works best for your individual shooting style and hunting conditions. Consider your typical hunting range. If you primarily hunt doves at closer ranges, No. 8 might be suitable. If you often shoot at longer distances, No. 7 ½ is preferable. Remember to always consult your state's hunting regulations regarding shot size and other legal requirements.